Understanding how cannabis reacts to grow light radiation

For those of you who really want to know how to maximize cannabis growth and plant yields with light spectrum and intensity. PAR discussed in detail.
Understanding how cannabis reacts to grow light radiation

The sun is the source of energy for the development of life on our planet. The sun's energy is emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation and strikes in different wavelengths onto the earth.

The human eye usually perceives light in the wavelength range of 380-780 nanometres (nm).  Plants absorb the portion of light in the wavelength range of 400-700 nm. The photo-synthetically active radiation is abbreviated as "PAR". We can argue that plants also are affected by wavelengths beyond 700nm - infrared. Most scientists believe that they can recognize the shadow of surrounding plants upon their own leaves which stimulates a growth response to the crowding. There is a bit less evidence that plants use the wavelengths below the 400nm level because this is ultraviolet light and damages cellular growth. However scientists speculate that this damage also creates a stress response which in turn causes the plant to grow (and flower) to reproduce. But for now we'll focus on 400-700nm spectrums.

Plant growth is driven by three processes which are responsive to light:

► Photosynthesis (metabolism)
► Photomorphogenesis (form development)
► Photoperiodism (daylength reaction)

Photosynthesis

The most important of these processes is the photosynthesis: the basis for plant growth and development. More simply, it is a process that all plants use, to collect the energy from the sunlight. The plants store the collected energy as carbohydrates, so that the sunlight basically serves as food for the plant. The light is absorbed with the aid of the pigment chlorophyll.

The two most important chlorophylls are chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. Chlorophyll A absorbs the light in the blue and red wavelengths. Green and far-red light however, are little or not absorbed. Chlorophyll B uses a similar range, with absorption peaks closer to the blue end of the spectrum. So right there if we are custom designing a light spectrum we want to hit blue and red.

Absorption Spectrum Chlorophyll A, B and Beta-Carotene

The "action spectrum" is the sensitivity curve of the light on plant's photosynthesis. In order to make accurate statements about the light absorption of different pigments, scientists undertook a complex measurement process using a spectrophotometer where each wavelength was tested for the specific absorption rate. The result of the activity of main pigments and auxiliary pigments is shown graphically in the action spectrum.

Action Spectrum

Comparing the action spectrum with the corresponding absorption spectrum of chlorophyll you will note that they do not match. In fact, the absorption spectrum leads to the conclusion that photosynthesis is primarily driven by blue and red light and we believe this is true in cannabis photosynthetic response - depending on the phase of plant growth.

Young plants such as newly rooted clones prefer the Action Spectrum. In fact too much light intensity on the red wavelengths is harmful to young cannabis plants.

On the other hand as plants grow in the 20-24 hour vegetative stage they move from only being able to handle the Action Spectrum, to very much being driven by the Absorption Spectrum. And this makes sense because this is when plants are growing like crazy, absorbing the light to create chlorophyll A & B.

Now what is really fascinating is that when it is time to turn the lights down to a 12 hour day - which will induce the reproductive or flower phase - then we've found that the plants are firmly desirous of the spectrum weighted to chlorophyll A and in fact prefer much more red wavelengths. The belief is that cannabis, like all plants in their reproductive phase, know they are dying. They produce flowers as a means to pass on their genetic heritage. So stressing cannabis is important just as it is when making wine with grapes. Red light seems to trigger a response in plants that they need to stretch to out compete their neighbors. And to produce the largest flowers possible. Now the question becomes how much light is enough? And how much is too much?  

More on this in our next post about how to understand and measure not just PAR but also the full spectrum of your lights.

Content source: Thank you to ExciteLED: https://www.exciteled.eu/spectrum-photosynthesis

 

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FGI
FGI UV-A 44” LED Grow Lights. 340-400 nm Spectrum blue supplemental energy for plants. $ 149.00 $ 299.00
DESCRIPTION Rugged, waterproof, glass lens, 100-277 VAC. This unit is built to last.  The FGI 385nm UV Lightbar is designed to provide targeted supplemental blue energy to equal natural sunlight levels. At Forever Green, we strive to match natural sunlight with our lighting products. The reason for this is that plant morphology is affected by the spectral composition of light, which means that different wavelengths of light can promote different plant growth. In particular, blue light is known to encourage compact growth and strong stems, making it an essential part of plant development. By providing plants with the same level of blue light as they would receive from the sun, the FGI 385nm UV Lightbar ensures that they can grow and develop in the best possible way. As a result, it is an invaluable tool for any gardener or plant lover who wants their plants to thrive. Science behind using UV-A supplemental energy on plants Recent studies at Utah State University have shown that plants absorb and benefit from light between 380-740NM. This research has led to the study of E-PAR or extended PAR and is redefining measurement of photosynthetic light.  Below are the spectrum charts which compare natural sunlight to full spectrum LEDs and then to full spectrum plus supplemental UV.  The result is a closer match to sunlight providing more of the beneficial blue light that plants benefit from.  Sunlight Levels of 380NM UV Natural sunlight provides plants 1.22 umols of 380nm blue energy.  Natural Sunlight Spectrum Blue Energy 1.2234 umols Typical Full Spectrum LED Lack 380NM UV Full spectrum LEDs have limited blue spectrum which peak at 460nm.   Full Spectrum LED 460nm Blue Energy Levels .0514 umols Full Spectrum LED with Supplemental 380NM UV  Adding supplemental 385NM UV creates a secondary peak of blue energy at 1.5047 umols at 12" from the canopy, roughly equaling natural sunlight.  Supplemental UV Spectrum plus Full Spectrum Blue Energy 1.5047 umols (3x greater)  Build Quality These are high quality units with a crystal glass lens cover to protect the diodes and allow for cleaning. The all aluminum frame dissipates what little heat the bar creates. At 30 watts the Lightbar sips energy too.  Spectrum Theory  Blue energy is scientifically known to help form more compact plants. More lush leaf growth, stronger and larger stems and tighter internodal spacing. We gave a prominent researcher one of our UV-A LEDs and he said:  "Your UVA lights arrived and we have confirmed their 385 nm peak. This looks like a high quality fixture." He went on to say: "Elevated exposure to UV photons is known to enhance the synthesis of UV blocking compounds in the leaves of many species and it is reasonable to think that UV photons can increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants." And further, "I expect we will find value in dosing of CSativa plants with UV photons, but not surprisingly, the effects will likely interact with UV wavelength, intensity, timing of delivery, and growth stage." The UVA Lightbar fits neatly inside the frame of our Uniformity Pro LEDs as well as many other multi-bar style full spectrum LEDs. Use We recommend two of our UV-A LEDs over each 4'x4' area. The slim design allows them to be hung inside the frame of most 6 and 8 bar LEDs. Mounting height should be at the same level to avoid creating shadowing.  Control A basic digital 110V wall timer can be used, or if using the TrolMaster Hydro X we recommend the DSP-1 module for 110V or DSP-2 for 120V power connection and multiple on/off timer programming.   ~Technical Specs~ Product 30W(±5%) 20 UVA Diodes Per Bar 100-277VAC,50/60 Hz 102.3BTU IP65 44.88”x 2.24”x 1.53” 4.4 lbs Photometric File Download Product Warranty (see our warranty here) 3 year warranty

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